How does Catalyst’s verifiability differ from runtime attestation or trusted execution environments?

Catalyst focuses on post hoc integrity: it signs each step, creating a tamper-evident log. In contrast, TEEs provide hardware-enforced guarantees that code and data remain confidential and unmodified during execution. Catalyst verifiability alone does not prevent an adversary from manipulating the agent process; it only makes the manipulation detectable if the resulting steps are anomalous. For strong runtime guarantees, combine Catalyst with a TEE.