When should I use Catalyst instead of Apache Airflow?

Choose Catalyst over Apache Airflow when working on long-running, probabilistic agentic workloads rather than standard scheduled batch data pipelines. Airflow is optimized for repeatable DAG-based batch jobs that follow fixed scheduled production runs, while Catalyst handles non-deterministic agent runs spanning extended periods of time for task execution. Teams using Airflow solely for their core batch work do not need to make a shift unless they adopt new agentic task workflows.